What is the composition and working principle of the steering gear?

The steering device is composed of various gears and racks. Its working mechanism is that when the car travels in a straight line, the steering control valve will direct the working fluid generated by the steering oil pump to the oil tank, and at this time, the steering oil pump is in a non working state. If the vehicle needs to turn right, the steering control valve will direct the working fluid to the R chamber and connect the L chamber to the oil tank. Through the transmission structure, the left and right wheels will simultaneously turn right, completing the right turn action.
There are several types of steering devices:
1. Gear and rack type steering gear: This is the most common type of steering gear. Its core structure consists of a pair of interlocking small gears and racks. When the steering shaft drives the small gear to rotate, the rack will move in a straight line. Sometimes, the rack directly drives the tie rod, causing the steering wheel to change direction. This type of steering gear has a simple structure, low price, sensitive response, and small size. It can directly drive the tie rod and is therefore widely used in the automotive industry.
2. Worm crank pin type steering gear: In this type of steering gear, the worm is the active part and the crank pin is the passive part. The worm is engraved with trapezoidal threads, and the conical finger pin (shaped like a finger) is connected to the crank through a bearing, while the crank and the steering rocker arm shaft are manufactured as a whole. When turning, the steering wheel drives the worm gear. At this time, the conical pin rotates on its own axis and also makes a circular motion around the steering rocker arm shaft, driving the crank and steering arm to swing, and finally changing the direction of the steering wheel through the steering transmission mechanism. This type of steering gear is commonly used for trucks that require significant steering force.
3. Circular ball steering system: This steering system mainly consists of two parts: mechanical and hydraulic. The mechanical part includes components such as the housing, side cover, upper cover, lower cover, circulating ball screw, rack nut, rotary valve core, and fan shaft. It includes two pairs of transmission combinations: screw and nut, and rack and pinion or pinion shaft. A recyclable rolling steel ball is placed between the screw and the rack nut, which can convert sliding friction into rolling friction and improve transmission efficiency. The advantage of this type of steering gear is that it is easy to operate, has low wear and tear, and has a long service life. However, the disadvantage is that the structure is more complex, the cost is high, and the steering sensitivity is not as good as the gear rack type.
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